The
advent of the Burmilla, nearly twenty
years ago, has been related time and time
again.
Early in 1981, Miranda Bickford-Smith (née
von Kirchberg), whose prefix Astahazy was
well known, had bought, as a pet for her
husband, a Chinchilla male; shortly before
he was due to be neutered, Jemari Sanquist
met Bambino Lilac Fabergé, a Lilac
Burmese female, who had escaped from
Purdah. It soon became evident that
kittens were on the way.
Four females, all Black Shaded Silver,
were born on the 11th of September. A few
weeks later, Miranda asked me to have a
look at them as they were starting to
develop a good foreign type as well as a
short dense coat. I was very impressed
especially by two of them: Galatea, who
was to remain with Miranda, and Gemma, who
was brought to us when the Bickford-Smiths
came to stay for Christmas.
The combined quality of their type, their
spectacular look, and their superb
temperament prompted us to try and
establish a new breed; so a mating between
Sanquist and another of Miranda's Burmese
queens, was arranged forthwith. This
resulted on 27th March 1982, in a single
male kitten, Jacynth, who later joined
Gemma to found our Kartush line.
Breed
standard
The offspring of cross-mating Burmese and
Chinchilla parents will always produce
shorthair, silver progeny carrying two
recessive genes - the 'self' gene,
inherited from the Burmese, and the
'longhair' gene, inherited from the
Chinchilla. The type of F1 kittens may
lean towards either of the founder breeds.
Galatea and Gemma were both of such
outstanding 'foreign' type that we decided
that the type of our 'new' breed would
resemble that of the Burmese, yet be
materially different, since no new breed
should be mistaken for an already
recognised breed. We drew up the Breed
Standard on these lines - it is worth
noting that today's Breed Standard is
uncannily similar to it.
Breed
name
Now a name had to be found: as
CHIN(chilla-burm)ESE was obviously most
inappropriate, the two young men who used
to look after the Astahazy cats, suggested
BURM(ese-chinch)ILLA which we all thought
strikingly suitable!
Thus we started developing the Burmilla as
a Shorthaired Agouti cat of medium foreign
type, showing a striking contrast between
a coloured Shading/Tipping and a Silver
base. Matings between F1 parents selected
for type only, could produce 'true'
Burmillas, Burmillas carrying self and/or
longhair, Silver Shaded/Tipped Longhairs,
Smokes, Silver/non Silver Tabbies and
Selfs (the last three varieties in either
longhair or shorthair).
Breeding
programme
During 1983, Miranda became interested in
all the different varieties occurring in
the development of the breed, while my
husband Charles and I were entirely
identifying with the Burmilla itself. So
by common agreement, on 13th November, it
was decided that Miranda would develop the
Burmilla and its related breeds of cats
within the Governing Council of the Cat
Fancy (GCCF), while Charles and I would
specialise in establishing the Burmilla
within the Cat Association of Britain
(CA), which had been formed earlier in the
year. This would also give two chances for
recognition, irrespective of which
organisation might be the first to do so.
Within the GCCF, Miranda pursued a
breeding policy of out mating to Burmese
at every other generation, thus obtaining
all varieties of 'Asians'. The club she
founded in 1985 continues her pioneering
work and is now known as 'The Asian Group
Cat Society'. The GCCF recognised the
Burmilla in 1995 and most varieties can be
seen today at GCCF shows.
A founder member of the CA, Barbara
Gazzaniga, who had bought one of Gemma's
and Jacynth's kittens, was also staying
with us during that fateful weekend back
in November 1983. Together we formulated a
Breeding Programme, finalised the Breed
Standard and presented them to the CA
Board which accepted both later in the
month.
Clubs
and shows
Our enthusiasm knew no bounds but there
were only three of us, so we founded the
Burmilla Cat Club on Saturday 21st January
1984, with the aim of getting together
breeders willing to start independant
lines - as well as half lines ensuing from
Kartush parentage - to promote the breed
by exhibiting regularly at CA shows and to
contribute to a club magazine: The BCC
Mews.
Since then the BCC, granted affiliation to
the CA in July 1986, has held Spring
Exemption Shows and All Breeds
Championship Shows in October each year.
These became International following CA's
election as the British Member of the Fédération
Internationale Féline (FIFe) in May 1990.
Inbreeding
Since, by definition, a 'breed' must
'breed true,' the two recessive genes
(self and longhair) had to be eliminated;
also five 'pure' generations had to be
produced before recognition could be
applied for. Inbreeding was therefore
necessary: Sib matings, Father to Daughter
or Family circle. Sib mating is the
fastest method and theoretically 'fixes'
16% of genes at each generation. Back
mating younger generations to those of
known genetic make-up, such as F1, would
also be required to try to eliminate from
the breeding programme any parent which
might not to be homozygous in the two
dominant genes. Hopefully, the breed would
appear from the third generation onward,
when outmating to peers of another line
would enlarge the gene pool and homogenise
the characteristics inherent to each line.
Breeding from outstanding specimens only
was of paramount importance. Line breeding
also has the advantage of pinpointing any
ancestor/s which may be carrying any
harmful trait - a near impossibility if
more than one line is involved.
New
lines
Charles and I embarked on such a policy
with Roy Robinson's blessing and guidance.
We eventually outbred two pure F3 females
with two unrelated Burmese Studs. Their
progenies were brought into our Family
circle, thus improving type and increasing
our gene pool, viability and vigour.
Other BCC breeders were at liberty to
apply their own Breeding programme within
the frame-work of the approved Breeding
Policy. Some started entirely new lines,
some half lines from Kartush cats; others
outcrossed regularly to Burmese, the only
outcross allowed, thus achieving a faster
homozygosity for the Shorthair gene and
improvement of type though greatly
decreasing the incidence of Silver
offspring, ie Burmillas.
In the UK today, besides the Kartush and
Gazzella lines, several other lines are
well established: Brandywell (Caroline
Turner-Russell), Zingaro-Tamimah (Michael
Garrett), Brimstone (Pauline Turner),
Katchadream (Sharon Donaghie), Lakota
(Lynn McGuckian). Over the years
Brandywell and Kartush kittens have been
exported to most countries of Western
Europe and Scandinavia.
Inter-continental
In 1984, Birgit Nehammer imported into
Denmark two Burmillas (bred by Mrs P
Bydlinski), and began an extensive
breeding programme by crossmating them to
her Thamakan Burmese, starting several new
lines - importing a Kartush male in 1991,
and a Brandywell female a year later. We
are all greatly indebted to her for having
promoted Burmillas on the continent, and
for bringing some of them to Prague for
the FIFe General Assembly - where the
Burmilla Breed was granted recognition as
a Shorthair breed in its own right (28th
May 1994). The FIFe Breeding Policy and
FIFe Breed Standard have since been in
force worldwide in all FIFe countries.
New
world
Five years ago and further afield, Robin
Moller, from New South Wales, having read
an article on Burmillas and been entranced
by their spectacular looks, enrolled
another Burmese breeder, Mrs L Burgess, in
her efforts to establish the breed 'down
under'. Following the approval by the NSW
authorities of the FIFe Breeding Policy
and Breed Standard, their newly formed
Burmilla Breeders Association of Australia
has become a very active and thriving
club, doing extremely well in the show
ring against other breeds. This year two
Kartush kittens, a male and a female, have
taken up residence with Mrs L Burgess and
Robin Moller, respectively with the aim of
starting new half-lines.
Genetics
The genetics of the Burmilla are
relatively complex since the two founder
breeds are entirely different: two
recessive genes have to be eliminated and
both Standard and Burmese colour
expressions are involved.
From the Chinchilla, the Burmilla inherits
the dominant Silver (I) and Agouti (A)
genes and may show at birth either of the
Tabby patterns inherent to that breed. On
a Burmilla, such Tabby markings will
gradually fade leaving a clear Silver
Shaded or Tipped coat. Any progeny (smoke,
silver/non silver tabby, self) not showing
these characteristics is not accepted as
Burmilla.
It also inherits the Full-Colour gene (C)
giving maximum pigmentation: Black for
first generation Burmillas, Full colour
expression for subsequent homozygous or
heterozygous generations.
The recessive longhair gene is carried by
first generation Burmillas and may be
passed on to later generations: breeders
strive to eliminate it, mainly by test-matings.
From the Burmese, the Burmilla inherits
the recessive Burmese gene (cb) which is
carried by the first generation; kittens
of subsequent generations which inherit it
from both parents will show the Burmese
colour expression.
It also inherits the dominant Shorthair
(L) gene; breeders will aim to produce
homozygous offspring.
First generation Burmillas carry the self
gene (i) which breeders have to eliminate
quickly.
Colours
and Patterns
The combination of the Standard and
Burmese colour expressions result in
twenty varieties:
Full
expression
* Black
* Blue
* Chocolate
* Lilac
* Red
* Cream
* Black Tortie
* Blue Tortie
* Chocolate Tortie
* Lilac Tortie |
Burmese
expression
* Brown
* Blue
* Chocolate
* Lilac
* Red
* Cream
* Brown Tortie
* Blue tortie
* Chocolate Tortie
* Lilac Tortie |
These
two sets of colours are found in both
Shaded and Tipped patterns which gives a
total of 40 colours. Though slightly
lighter and softer, the Burmese colours
(except Brown) are practically impossible
to differentiate from the Standard
colours, even on shaded coats. It is
because of this number and the difficulty
in identification, that colour and pattern
are irrelevant but evenness of
Shading/Tipping is an essential requisite
in the Breed Standard.
General
Appearance
The Burmilla is a beautiful shorthaired
cat of foreign type and medium size,
showing a striking contrast between a
coloured Shading/Tipping and a pure Silver
base.
The Body has a good bone structure covered
with firm muscles, yet gives an impression
of great elegance; females are usually a
little smaller than males, but still feel
heavier than they look. A rounded chest
and a straight back add to the overall
harmony. The strong slender legs end in
neat oval paws; as in most breeds, the
back legs are slightly longer than the
front legs. The medium to long tail,
moderately thick at the base tapers to a
rounded tip.
The Head has a slightly rounded top with
moderate width between the ears, and wide
cheekbones tapering to a short blunt
wedge. In profile, the straight short
nose, in line with a firm deep chin, shows
a gentle break. The penciling round the
lips accentuates the unmistakable Burmilla
grin.
The Ears are medium to large with a
rounded tip, are broad at the base and set
moderately apart and show a slight tilt
forward. Their outer line continues that
of the face - though mature males usually
develop full cheeks.
The Eyes are the most beautiful feature of
the Burmilla. Large and expressive, they
are set well apart on a slightly oblique
angle. The upper lid forms a broken line
angled towards the nose, while the lower
lid is fuller and rounder - both being
outlined with the basic colour, thus
giving a somewhat innocent expression. Any
shade of Green is accepted but it must be
clear and luminous; an outer yellow rim is
allowed in young kittens. Because the
Orange gene (O) introduces some yellow in
the eye colour, amber is accepted in Reds,
Creams and Torties.
The Coat is short and dense, silky in
texture and smooth lying but with enough
undercoat to give it a slight lift. The
ground colour is pure Silver white. The
Shading/Tipping, in all recognised solid
and tortie colours, must be evenly and
uniformly distributed on the mantle.
Remnants of Tabby markings show as
delicate 'ghost' tracings on the forehead
of all Burmillas and may still appear on
legs and tail of the Shaded variety.
Whatever its colour, a Tipped Burmilla
looks much lighter overall than a Shaded
Burmilla.
The nose leather is Terracotta in all
Burmillas other than Red and Cream, where
it is pink and Tortie where it is in the
relevant colour, pink or a mixture of
both.
The Paw Pads and Soles are of the colour
corresponding to the coat colour.
Shows
From 1983 to the end of 1994, Burmillas
were shown at most CA shows and adults
were eligible for CA Medallist titles
(awards especially created for breeds
provisionally approved by CA). From 1st
January 1995, following the recognition of
the breed by the FIFe the previous May),
Burmillas have been entered in the FIFe
Open classes and adults have been eligible
for FIFe Championship titles. They are
shown in two groups: Group 1 includes all
non-Orange recognised colours while Group
2 includes all Orange recognised colours.
It is a regular occurrence at CA shows to
see Burmilla kittens as well as adults
nominated for the Best in Show competition
and very often winning group and top
awards. Quite fittingly, at a BCC
International show, Kartush Xenefer became
in October 1998, the first European
Champion in the UK - the highest title in
the FIFe; Foskat Emperor Auriga, a male
neuter, followed in June 1999 gaining the
title of European Premier. Several Grand
International Champions/Premiers will soon
reach that stage while many of the younger
generations are competing at the other
Championship levels.
Care
General Grooming can be kept at a minimum,
as for most shorthaired cats. It is wise
though, to loosen the dead hairs and comb
the coat thoroughly and regularly - also
clean eyes and ears and clip the tips of
the claws. Sometimes the Silver coat of a
very active cat may require extra
attention to retain its purity, but a
weekly grooming is usually sufficient.
However Burmillas love such 'special
times' and often beg for more!
Character
Temperament of the Burmilla is quite
exceptional. The demanding and
mischievious character of the Burmese
mixed with the easy-going, relaxed nature
of the Chinchilla, gives the Burmilla its
unique personality. Impish and fearless
when young, the Burmilla matures into an
intelligent and extremely affectionate
adult cat.
Door
handles and cupboard doors present no
problems to a determined Burmilla;
anything left lying around, from socks,
chocolate bars, envelopes, to pens, key
rings and gloves, immediately become a
plaything. 'Dribbling' pingpong balls is
mastered at a very early age as well as
'retrieving' paper ones. Such activities
can come to a sudden stop, and your mad
whirl-i-gig will flop on your lap or
nestle in your arms with a deep-throated
purr and contented grin - not to mention
an innocent and loving look, which is so
much in character.
A
great mimic, the Burmilla will take on any
role: a dormouse tucked in an invisible
corner, a dog rolling on its back, a snake
sliding on the floor, a ferret climbing
inside trouser legs, a monkey clambering
up curtains, a high wire artiste balancing
on door tops, a hotwater bottle inside the
bedclothes, a prying Sherlock Holmes . . .
the list is endless! All in all, an
intelligent, inquisitive nature and a most
affectionate, seductive personality are
some irresistible qualities of the
bewitching Burmilla.
Useful
Contacts
|
|
The
Governing Council
of the Cat Fancy
(GCCF)
Tel: 01278 - 427 575 |
The
Cat Association of Britain
(FIFe/CA)
Central Office
Tel: 01235 - 766 543 |
|
The
Burmilla Cat Club (BCC)
Hon Secretary: Mrs C Clarke
Mill House, Letcombe Regis Oxon
OX12 9JD
Tel/Fax: 01235 - 766 543
|
|
The
Asian Group Cat Society
Hon Secretary: Mrs N Johnson
The Old Post Office, Cottam,
Redford Notts DN22 0EZ
Tel/Fax: 01777 - 248 562
|
|
The
Asian Cat Association (Southern)
Hon Secretary: Mrs S Sketch
Greenway Cottage, West Hendred
Oxon OX12 8RG
Tel: 01235 - 833 611 |
|